Alex Naudts, Montreal, 2004
Abstract
When utilizing a cement based suspension grout, it is important to use balanced stable grout formulations with the proper rheology for optimum penetrability and desired set characteristics. Grouting is nothing but a permeability test in which the Newtonion fluid, water, is substituted by the Binghamian cement based suspension grout. We are now in an era where it is understood how to interpret the suitability of selected formulations (amenability theory) and evaluate the evolution of the apparent permeability during the actual grouting operation. It is possible to significantly reduce the cost of any grouting operation through increased effectiveness by changing and adjusting the mix design as the grouting operation unfolds by minimizing the cohesion and maximizing the penetrability (and yet preventing run-away operations) of the grout via proper application of additives and admixtures. This paper provides an overview of the rheological and set characteristics of cement based suspension grouts. Some general guidelines in formulating balanced, stable cement based grout formulation are also presented along with a description of evaluation techniques (apparent Lugeon theory) which are valuable to perform meaningful site engineering and grouting.